Hegel has had a tremendous influence on European thought. In his doctrine of it, dialectics is the procedure that makes it possible to access transcendental realities through the meaning of words.Overview Guide Terms Lives Times Questions ResourcesĬriticaLink | Lacan: The Mirror Stage | Terms Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Plato (427-347 BC), finally, was another thinker who focused on dialectics. * opposites or contraries penetrate each other Īccording to Engels, if we deny natural contradictions, we maintain a metaphysical position, since the movement itself is based on them, both objective and subjective contradictions. In nature, we can appreciate the following three fundamental laws: It is necessary to take Hegel’s idea and turn it upside down, and then put matter on the ground as it develops dialectically. The followers of this current believe that Hegel was wrong in maintaining that the changes that occur in natural processes are manifestations of the spirit, although he was right in defining them as dialectical and global. Unlike mechanistic materialism, which holds that the world is made up of things and ultimately material particles that inertly combine with each other, materialist dialectics is based on the idea that all material phenomena are processes. Marx, in this framework, understood that history was given by the struggle of social classes with conflicting material interests, from whose confrontation historical changes emanated. These theorists considered that the application of the Hegelian dialectic was necessary for the interpretation of the world. In this way, matter becomes independent of consciousness. Materialist dialectics, also known as dialectical materialism, is the current that emerged with the proposals of Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) that considers that the substratum of thoughts and of all reality is matter. Through the ordinary imagination it is possible to detect the identity, the different features and the contradiction, although not the transition process that occurs between each point, and it is this transformation that is the most important part. In other words, only something that contains a contradiction can move. From a metaphorical point of view, we could affirm that identity is nothing more than the determination of the static and immediate simple Similarly, contradiction is the starting point of vitality and movement. If we focus on the Hegelian dialectic, we must accept that various currents or reflexive ideas go through a stage of apparent contradiction, and this feature is vital to the work that Hegel did.
It is important to note that Hegel never used the technical words thesis, antithesis, and thesis, but rather these were coined by HM Chalybäus and popularized by the many scholars who specialized in his work. In this framework, the thesis is usually a philosophical, social or historical idea, which once it is developed in depth gives rise to the appearance of these aspects that do not correspond directly. To reconcile these issues that appear contradictory, we move towards a new conception, which is the synthesis. The Hegelian dialectic consists of the development and foundation of the thesis, which generates the irruption of contrary or opposite aspects: the antithesis. For the German Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831), dialectics is a process where opposites (thesis and antithesis) face each other and resolve their dichotomy in a higher form (synthesis). It is possible to find the idea of dialectics in different currents and philosophical traditions.
The concept, which comes from the Latin dialectĭcus although its etymological origin is found in the Greek language, also alludes to the reasoning that is developed starting from principles.
Dialectics is called the art of debating, refuting and arguing.
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